ADJECTIVES

An adjective modifies a noun.

Check the example sentences.

• He’s intelligent.

He’s an intelligent man. ( here adjective intelligent modifies “man”)

• This watch is very expensive.

This is an expensive watch.

• My sister’s tall.

Lookat that tall man over there.

• Fenerbahçe is a successful football club in Turkey.

Alex is successful in Fenerbahçe.

ADVERBS

An adverb modifies the verb. Adverbs modifies the actions.

• I’m a slow driver. ( slow is adjective here)

I drive slowly. ( here slowly modifies the verb drive )

• She is a careful person. (adj)

She reads everything carefully. (adv)

We make adverbs from adjectives. Check these examples

ADJECTIVE                       ADVERB

slow                                          slowly

careful                                     carefully

easy                                            easily

quick                                         quickly

polite                                        politely

bad                                             badly

Some adverbs are irregular. Check the examples.

My father is a fast driver. He always drives fast. (Adjective: fast  adverb: fast)

We always work hard in the mornings. (adjective: hard, adverb: hard

ADVERB FORM of the adjective “GOOD” is “WELL”

We are a good team. In the last match we played well and we won the game.

GERUND / INFINITIVE

Rewrite the following sentences without changing the meaning.

1. He should work harder to be a champion in Olympics. It’s worth it.

It’s worth _____________________________________________________.

2. “Let’s go to a hotel in Ayvalik this weekend” Cenk said.

Cenk suggested________________________________________________.

3. It’s not a good idea to borrow a lot of money from a bank.

It’s better to avoid______________________________________________.

4. Semih really loves to drive race cars so he’s going to join a racing club.

Semih really enjoys _________________________________________________.

5. I made an effort to reach that rope but I couldn’t.

I tried _____________________________________________________________.

6. Metin hates travelling by train.

Metin can’t stand ___________________________________________________:

7. Having a good night sleep is important for babies.

It’s important for babies______________________________________________.

8. Don’t miss seeing the Ephesus when you are in Turkey.

Don’t forget_________________________________________________________.

9. My father and I can’t wait to watch Galatasaray-Fenerbahçe match.

My father and I are looking forward to__________________________________.

10. Monitoring the workers is necessary in my job.

It’s necessary for me _________________________________________________.

Key

1. It’s woth working harder to be a champion in the Olympics.
2. Cenk suggested going to a hotel in Ayval?k this weekend.
3. It’s better to avoid borrowing a lot of money from a bank
4. Semih really enjoys driving racing cars so he’s going to koin a racing club.
5. I tried to reach that rope but I couldn’t.
6. Metin can’t stand travelling by train.
7. It’s important for babies to have a good night sleep.
8. Don’t forget to see Ephesus when you are in Turkey.
9. My father and I are looking forward to watch Galatasaray Fenerbahçe match.
10. It’s necessary for me to monitor the workers in my job.

Rewrite the following sentences without changing the meaning.

1. She doesn’t know how to make a cake, otherwise she would do it herself.

If ____________________________________________________________.

2. If you don’t save enough money, you won’t buy that computer.

Unless________________________________________________________.

3. If he should go to Paris this spring, I could lend him my HD camera.

Should________________________________________________________.

4. You can go out with your friends only if you promise to come back early.

Providing______________________________________________________.

5. Should you call Tim, tell him to bring my DVDs back on Sunday.

If_____________________________________________________________.

6. Alex was exhausted, otherwise he would have scored that goal.

If _____________________________________________________________:

7. Mancini will be transferred to Juventus only if they accept his offer.

Provided_______________________________________________________.

8. You’ll hurt yourself unless you put that knife away.

If_____________________________________________________________.

9. They can be successful only if they change their strategies.

As long as

10. My sister can’t sew, otherwise she would make her own clothes.

If_____________________________________________________________.

ADVERB CLAUSES

Choose the correct answer

1. Murat decided to give up smoking _________he had had a heart attack two times.

a) in case    b) although    c) because   d) even if

2. ____________ she was walking along the garden, she found a very rare flower.

a) because  b) provided that  c) so that   d) while

3. ____________ my father woke up, he realised that he had forgotten to turn off the lights.

a) when  b) unless   c) while   d) even though

4. __________ he behaves well, Mary will never talk to him.

a) although  b) unless   c) if    d) in the even that

5. __________ my best friend Hasan five years older than me, he looks very young.

a) until   b) when  c) although  d) because

6. __________ they have passed the stamina test, they can get their scuba diving licence.

a) Now that   b) Even though   c) Unless   d) When

7. I have decided to buy a car ____________ I can go to work easily.

a) in case   b) so that   c) provided that   d) although

8. Merve looks at her husband _________ she hasn’t seen him before.

a) as if   b) when   c) although   d) because

9. The soldiers in the camp will be punished ___________ they didn’t obey the rules.

a) although  b) because  c) even if   d) however

10. You must wear your helmet while riding a motorbike, __________ you may hurt seriously in case of an accident.

a) but   b) although  c) even though  d) otherwise

11. __________ you are in top form, your coach always shows you respect.

a) Unless   b) As long as  c) Although  d) As if

12. __________ Jale did the ironing, _____________ she had also prepared the breakfast.

a) not only / but  b) not had only / but  c) not only had / but  d) not only have / but

13. I don’t want to invite Kemal to the party ___________ he always talks about nonsense things.

a) although  b) even if  c) despite  d) because

14. I’m going to work harder __________ I can be promoted.

a) when   b) so that   c) because   d) in spite of

15. She was very exhausted ____________ she didn’t stop working.

a) but   b) unless   c) although   d) because 

Key: 1.c  2. d  3. a 4. b 5. c  6.a  7.b  8.a  9.b  10.d  11.b  12. a  13. d  14. b  15. a

-ed / -ing adjectives

Fill in the blanks with -ing or -ed form of the adjectives

1. What kind of computer games are you ___________ in? ( interest )

2. Is she ___________ about her husband’s health? ( worry )

3. What’s the most ____________ football match you’ve ever watched? (excite)

4. When was the last time you felt really __________? ( tired / tiring )

5. I can’t stand this actress. She’s really ___________. ( boring / bored )

6. When did you last have a ________ day at work? (tired / tiring )

7. Doing nothing for a long time makes her __________. ( depressing / depressed )

8. What’s the most __________ city you’ve ever been? ( interesting / interested )

9. All of the passengers looked ___________ after the plane landed. (frightening / frightened )

10. Some people easily get __________. ( embarrasing / embarrased )

Key

1. interested  2. worried  3. exciting  4. tired  5. boring  6. tiring  7. depressed  8. interesting  9. frightened  10. embarrased

MAKE & DO

There are a lot of phrases in which a particular verb is used together with a particular noun. Check the examples:

Let’s make a cake.

She’s doing her homework at the moment.

We use make in sentenes about creating or producing something:

Mustafa made some coffee and watched TV.

My mother always makes sandwiches.

We often use do in sentences about working, or about doing particular jobs.

He did a great job last week.

I never do the ironning.

EXPRESSIONS with MAKE and DO

MAKE

an appointment, an arrangement, the beds, a cake, certain, changes, coffee, a deal with somebody, a decision, a discovery, an effort, an excuse, a fortune, an impression, improvements, a joke, a mess, a mistake, money, a noise, an offer, peace, preparations, progress, a success of something, sure, a translation, trouble, war, friendsi dinner, someone laugh / cry, up your mind, etc..

DO

the cleaning, one’s best / worst, business with somebody, a crossword, damage to, one’s duty, an exercise, an experiment, good, one’s hair, harm, homework, the housework, a job, lessons, a service, something for a living, miracles (for), research, right/wrong, the shopping, translation, the washing up, some work, a course, nothing, the washing, a degree, an exam, someone a favour, etc..

Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verbs. ( Passive or Active )

TRX1 Car of the Future

TRX1 is a concept car which _____________1(design) by Engin Deniz in 2007. Mr.Deniz __________(2be) from Turkey and he ___________3(be) a mechanical engineer. He ___________4(design) all kind of vehicles but mainly cars. TRX1 is one of the best cars he has ever designed. It __________5(weigh) 500 kilos which is very light for a car. It has got  4 seats. Inside of the car is also impressive. GPS Navigation system ___________6(install) on the board. Moreover, there is a DVD player for the travellers to watch. The bluetooth technology __________7(make) it practical to speak on the phone while driving. It __________8(manufacture) next year unless there are no problems.

Last week TRX1 ___________9(demonstrate) in Istanbul Auto Show. People ,who visited the fair, ___________10(impress) by the car’s appearance. We don’t know the exact price of the car but it ___________11(sell) to special customers because only 20 cars __________12(manufacture) next year. Some rich people ____________13(already-start) queuing for this magnificient concept model. They ___________14(look forward to) driving it.

KEY: 1. was designed  2. is  3. is  4. designs  5. weighs  6. is installed  7. makes  8. will be manufactured  9. was demonstrated 10. were impressed  11. will be sold  12. will be manufactured 13. have already started  14. are looking forward to

Choose the best answer to complete the sentences.

1. Tarkan has ___________ travelled by train. He can’t stand trains.

a) still          b) never         c) ever

2. “___________ was Roberto Carlos transferred to Fenerbahçe?”  “Two years ago.”

a) How often     b) How long     c) When

3. She has _________ sent five emails but none of them has answered yet.

a) already      b) yet       c) still

4. Has Aylin finished writing the reports ___________?

a) just      b) still        c) yet

5. Christoph Daum has been working for FC Koln _________three years.

a) before     b) since     c) for

6. Tansel bought a new car ___________Christmas.

a) since      b) just    c) last

7. She started this diet two weeks ___________.

a) before     b) recently      c) ago.

8. Kewell ___________ hasn’t scored a goal.

a) still    b) yet      c) already

9. Semih hasn’t been to Japan _________last year.

a) before    b) since    c) for

10. It has been raining _________. I wonder when it will stop.

a) yesterday      b) already     c) all day

KEY: 1.b  2. c  3. a  4. c  5. c  6. c  7. c  8. a  9. b  10. c

EXERCISE. Put the verbs in brakets into the Past Simple or the Past Continuous

1. The beautiful lady __________(get) on the bus, __________(sit) down and then the bus _______(start) to move.

2. Murat _________(walk) towards her car when he __________(remember) that he had left his wallet at home.

3. Ronaldinho __________(phone) Roberto Carlos at 11:00 p.m last night, but he _________(not can) speak to him because he __________(water) the flowers in his garden at the time.

4. Two years ago, Mehmet __________(join) the Army because he __________(have) financial problems at that time.

5. The little boy _________(play) a computer game while his sister ________(draw) a picture.

6. Mr.Koch __________(transfer) a new striker because the former had broken his leg.

7. As Orkun ____________(wait) in the queue to buy a ticket for the match, he _________(run into) his old high school flame.

KEY: 1. got / sat / started  2. was walking / remebered 3. phoned / couldn’t / was watering 4. joined / was having 5. was playing / was drawing 6. transferred 7. was waiting / ran into

Find and listen to the song “Always on my mind” by Elvis Presley. Do the exercises while listening.

ALWAYS ON MY MIND

Maybe I didn’t treat you __________(1) as good as I __________(2)

Maybe I didn’t __________(3) you quite as __________(4) as I could have

Little things I should have said and __________(5)

I just never _________(6) the time.

You were always on my mind.

You were always on my mind.

Maybe I didn’t hold you all those __________(7) nights.

And I __________(8) I never told you,

I’m so happy that you’re __________(9).

If I made you feel __________(10) best,

I’m sorry I was ____________(11).

You were always on my mind.

You were always on my mind.

Tell me, tell me that your __________(12) love hasn’t __________(13)

Give me, give me one more __________(14) to keep you __________(15)

If I made you feel __________(16) best, I’m sorry I was __________(17).

You were always on my mind.

You were always on my mind.

KEY: 1. quite 2. should have 3. love 4. often 5. done 6. took 7. lonely 8. guess 9. mine 10.second 11. blind 12. sweet 13. died 14. chance 15. satisfied 16. blind.