IF or WHEN

Fill in the blanks with ‘if’ or ‘when’ and put the verbs into the correct tense

1) Alex will write an e-mail to his manager __________ he __________ ( arrive )

2) __________ does the doctor think he _____________( get over ) his injury?

3) __________ there____________( be ) any problems, I will phone you.

4) __________ the interviews __________ ( be ) over, we will announce the results.

5) I wonder ___________ Santos ____________( return ) from his trip to Brazil.

6) ___________ Michael ____________( apply ) for the job, I’m sure he will get it.

7) ___________ they _____________ ( arrive ) late at the airport, they will miss the flight.

8) She will call you ____________ she ____________( finish ) writing the reports.

9) ___________________________( he / give up ) blocking the street?

10) ____________ we __________( have ) nothing else to discuss, we can all leave now.

KEY

1. when / arrives  2. When / will get over  3. If / are  4. When / are  5. if / returns  6. If / applies  7. If / arrive  8. when / finishes  9. When does he give up 10. If / have

REWRITE QUESTIONS ( SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION )

Rewrite the sentences without changing the meaning. Use 2-5 words in total.

1. They were served by an attractive and quick waitress.  ( who )

The ________________________________________attractive and quick.

2. The moment I reached the tunnel, I saw a bright light.  ( just )

I saw a bright light ___________________________________the tunnel.

3. Ted and Robin spent their holiday in a magnificient hotel.  ( where )

The hotel _____________________________________ was magnificient.

4. The floorboards in her summer house are in bad shape and need replacing. ( which )

The floorboards in her summer house, ___________________________, need replacing.

5. The electricity won’t be reconnected until you pay the bill.  (when)

The electricity will be connected ________________________the bill.

6. My grandmother bought me a shirt, but the sleeves are too long. ( of  )

My grandmother bought me a shirt ______________________are too long.

7. The speakers left immediately after they finished their speech. ( soon )

The speakers left __________________________________their speech.

8. I hadn’t heard from Kate for years and last week I received a letter from her. ( who )

Last week I received a letter from Kate __________________________________from for years.

9. A lot of damage was caused by the storm yesterday. ( which)

There was a storm yesterday, ___________________________ a lot of damage.

10. The poet, who has recently had his poems translated into 7 languages, is giving a speech tonight. ( whose )

The poet, _________________________________translated into 7 languages, is giving a speech tonight.

11. I finished writing the reports and then I went out with my girlfriend.  ( until )

I didn’t go out with my girlfriend until __________________________the reports.

12. In 2002 I opened my first shop in Paris.  ( was )

2002 _________________________________I opened my first shop in Paris.

13. We’ll leave any time you’re ready.  (whenever)

We’ll leave _______________________________________ready.

14. During a walk in the main square Alex met his friend. ( while )

Alex met his friend ______________________________in the main square.

15. I met a very qualified assistant manager last week. ( whom )

The assistant manager ________________________last week was very qualified.

PRESENT WISH

Complete the sentences using the given clues.

1. It’s a pity I can’t go to the stadium tonight.

I wish____________________________________________________.

2. I want to see Sara more often but I can’t.

I wish____________________________________________________.

3. I live in Malta and I don’t like this.

I wish_____________________________________________________.

4. It’s a pity Mary is not here.

I wish____________________________________________________.

5. My sister doesn’t know how to dance.

I wish____________________________________________________.

6. My best friend isn’t here.

I wish ___________________________________________________.

7. Why can’t you come to my birthday party?

I wish___________________________________________________.

8.  I’m not watching the news.

I wish__________________________________________________.

9. She has got a lot of problems with her husband.

She wishes _________________________________________________.

10. Alex can’t speak English fluently.

He wishes________________________________________________.

KEY:

1. I wish I could go to the stadium tonight.

2. I wish I saw Sara more often.

3. I wish I didn’t live in Malta.

4. I wish Mary was here.

5. I wish she knew how to dance.

6. I wish my best friend was here.

7. I wish you came to my party.

8. I wish I was watching the news.

9. She wishes she didn’t have problems with her husband.

10. He wishes he could speak English fluently.

FUTURE TIME CLAUSES

EXERCISE . Fill in the blanks with when, before, after, as soon as, or until. Sometimes more than one answer is possible.

1) Roberto Carlos will stay in Turkey ____________ he finds a new club.

2) Jack’s going to keep on working _______________ he finishes it.

3) Book a table ____________you go to the restaurants in the Bosphorus. They’re always full.

4) ____________ I chat with him tonight, I’ll ask the reason of the argument.

5) Remember to buy some batteries ____________you’re in the kiosk.

6) We can go for a walk ___________we’ve eaten something.

7) The captain will wait for the other sailors _____________it gets dark, and then he’ll leave.

8) Don’t forget to call your manager about the sales _____________ you get to the hotel.

9) I hope she’ll phone me ______________ she’s found the files I need.

10) They’ll wait ______________it stops snowing, and then they’ll go out.

11) ___________you see your sister, give my regards please.

KEY 1. until  2. until  3. before  4. When  5. when 6. after  7. until  8. when/as soon as 9) when/as soon as 10) until 11) When

TIME CLAUSES

Complete these sentences with if, unless, when, as soon as or until.

1.  We’ll never get there on time __________ Sedef gets ready quickly.

2.   I’m so excited.  I’m going to get my skis on _________ we get there!

3.   I’d take that job _________ the salary was better.

4.   I’ll take driving lessons ________ I’ve finished school.  I’m not in a hurry.

5.   I can’t go to the office ________ I’ve found my car keys!

6.    Alex won’t get a birthday present from me __________ I go shopping today.  His birthday is tomorrow.

7.    We won’t be able to buy a new car _________ we’ve saved enough money.

8.   I have to take the pasta out of the water __________ it’s cooked, or it gets too soft and sticky.

9.   We’d go and visit them more often _________ getting there was cheaper.

10.  I’d buy myself an up-to-date iPhone __________ I had a really good job.

KEY: 1. unless  2. as soon as  3. if   4. when  5.  until  6. unless  7. unless 8. when  9. if  10. if

Your friend wrote the following paragraphs.  Now he wants to add more information to them.  Rewrite the paragraphs combining the sentences with relative pronouns.

Last night Ozan had a very interesting dream.  First he met a man  ___________________ (1)  Ozan hadn’t seen him before. Then they were in a car _______________________ (2). After a dangerous journey, they arrived at the house ___________________________(3) There in the garden they met a girl______________________________(4).  She was smiling at them. Suddenly, they were in a room _____________________________(5)  There was lots of money on it.

2.         I had dinner at a friend’s flat last Wednesday_______________ (1).  My friend invited eight people to the dinner party.  There was a lot of wine ________________ (2) and we had all kinds of food, too.  We listened to some great records _________________________ (3).  I danced with a wonderful boy____________________________ (4).  I left there at 1.30 with him.  We went to his flat ___________________________ (5)

3. I was born in a small town _______________________ (1).  It is on the bank of the River Tyre.  There are five bridges over the River Tyre_________________ (2).  I moved to Newcastle ten years ago. I miss the beautiful countryside _______________________ (3).  People ___________________ (4) are very lucky.

4. Elizabeth was born in England.  In 1939, she and her family moved to America, ___________________________(1). Elizabeth is one of the few child stars ____________________________ (2).  She has been married eight times.  Her first marriage _________________________ (3)  ended after one year.  Her fifth and sixth marriages were to the same man, Richer Burton, probably the man ____________________________ (4).  In 1983, she went to stay at Betty Ford Clinic, ___________________________ (5).

ADVERB CLAUSES

Choose the correct answer

1. Murat decided to give up smoking _________he had had a heart attack two times.

a) in case    b) although    c) because   d) even if

2. ____________ she was walking along the garden, she found a very rare flower.

a) because  b) provided that  c) so that   d) while

3. ____________ my father woke up, he realised that he had forgotten to turn off the lights.

a) when  b) unless   c) while   d) even though

4. __________ he behaves well, Mary will never talk to him.

a) although  b) unless   c) if    d) in the even that

5. __________ my best friend Hasan five years older than me, he looks very young.

a) until   b) when  c) although  d) because

6. __________ they have passed the stamina test, they can get their scuba diving licence.

a) Now that   b) Even though   c) Unless   d) When

7. I have decided to buy a car ____________ I can go to work easily.

a) in case   b) so that   c) provided that   d) although

8. Merve looks at her husband _________ she hasn’t seen him before.

a) as if   b) when   c) although   d) because

9. The soldiers in the camp will be punished ___________ they didn’t obey the rules.

a) although  b) because  c) even if   d) however

10. You must wear your helmet while riding a motorbike, __________ you may hurt seriously in case of an accident.

a) but   b) although  c) even though  d) otherwise

11. __________ you are in top form, your coach always shows you respect.

a) Unless   b) As long as  c) Although  d) As if

12. __________ Jale did the ironing, _____________ she had also prepared the breakfast.

a) not only / but  b) not had only / but  c) not only had / but  d) not only have / but

13. I don’t want to invite Kemal to the party ___________ he always talks about nonsense things.

a) although  b) even if  c) despite  d) because

14. I’m going to work harder __________ I can be promoted.

a) when   b) so that   c) because   d) in spite of

15. She was very exhausted ____________ she didn’t stop working.

a) but   b) unless   c) although   d) because 

Key: 1.c  2. d  3. a 4. b 5. c  6.a  7.b  8.a  9.b  10.d  11.b  12. a  13. d  14. b  15. a

Rewrite the sentences in many ways as possible

1. The hotel where we stayed was in Antalya.

_________________________________________________________.

_________________________________________________________.

2. That’s the drawer where I keep my watches.

_________________________________________________________.

_________________________________________________________.

3. The woman to whom Murat was talking is my English teacher.

_________________________________________________________.

_________________________________________________________.

4. The hotel where I spent my summer holiday has been closed.

_________________________________________________________.

_________________________________________________________.

5. That’s the girl to whom she spoke on the day of the robbery.

_________________________________________________________.

_________________________________________________________.

6. The woman I met in Bodrum spoke English fluently.

_________________________________________________________.

_________________________________________________________.

ANSWERS

1.  THe hotel in which we stayed was in Antalya.

The hotel we stayed was in Antalya.

2. That’s the drawer in which I keep my watches.

That’s the drawer I keep my watches.

3. The woman whom Murat was talking to is my English teacher.

The woman Murat was talking to is my English teacher.

4. The hotel in which I spent my summer holiday has been closed.

The hotel I spent my summer holiday in has been closed.

5. That’s the girl whom she spoke on the day of robbery.

6. The woman whom I met in Bodrum spoke English fluently.

RELATIVE CLAUSE EXERCISES 2

Combine the following sentences using relatives.

1. This is the hotel. I first met Zeynep there.

_________________________________________________________________.

2. Tansel has a new dog. Its name’s Hektor.

_________________________________________________________________.

3. Jack’s new laptop has broken down. This laptop cost him 3000$.

_________________________________________________________________.

4. This is Hasan. I’m sharing my flat with him.

_________________________________________________________________.

5. This is the theatre. It was built in 1891.

________________________________________________________________.

6. This is the photo of the mansion. Mrs.Yaman killed her husband there.

________________________________________________________________.

7. That’s the athlete. He broke the World record in the last Olympic games.

_________________________________________________________________.

8. I’m watching Rocky V. It was directed by Slyvester Stallone.

_________________________________________________________________.

9. This is the mobile phone. I found it in the restaurant.

_________________________________________________________________.

10. Alex is a Brazilian footballer. His left foot is strong.

_________________________________________________________________.

KEY

1. This is the hotel where I first met Zeynep.

2. Tansel has a dog whose name’s Hektor.

3. Jack’s new LCD TV ,which cost him 3000$, has broken down.

4. This is Hasan who(m) I’m sharing my flat with. ( This is Hasan with whom I’m sharing my flat )

5. This is the theater which was built in 1891.

6. This is the photo of the mansion where Mrs.Yaman killed her husband.

7. That’s the athlete who broke the world record in the last Olympic games.

8. I’m watching Rocky V which was directed by  Slyvester Stallone.

9. This is the mobile phone ( which ) I found in the restaurant.

10. Alex is a Brazilian footballer whose left food is strong.

RELATIVE CLAUSES

Combine the following sentences using relative pronouns ( who, which, that…)

1. The man is the director of the computer company. I was talking to him.

___________________________________________________________________.

2. The girl is in bandages. Her car was involved in an accident yesterday.

___________________________________________________________________.

3. This is the city. I lived here in the 1990s.

___________________________________________________________________.

4. A lot of tourists went on a trip to Didim; most of them were from Holland.

___________________________________________________________________.

5. The spider had to be examined by a vet. It bit me.

___________________________________________________________________.

KEY

1. The man ,whom I was talking to, is the director of the computer company.

2. The girl whose car was involved in an accident yesterday, is in bandages.

3. This is the city where I lived in 1990s.

4. A lot of tourists most of whom were from Holland went on a trip to Didim.

5. The spider ,which bit me, had to be examined by a vet.