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Direct Question

He asked her ” How old are you?”

Reported Question

He asked her how old she was.

Direct Question

She asked him ” Do you live alone?”

Reported Question

She asked him if / whether he lived alone.

EXERCISE

1. “Where does your brother work?” she asked me.

2. “Do you want to watch a DVD?” Tracy asked William

3. “How long has Alex been playing for Fenerbahçe?” Daum asked Lugano.

4. “Can you check the prices of the goods?” The manager asked the employee.

5. “When did you come back?” Sharon asked Douglas.

6. “Who left the windows open?” My father asked me.

7. “Will you give me a hand writing my thesis?” My sister asked me.

8. “Why do you want to go to Spain?” The officer asked Sawyer.

9. “Is Jane still sleeping?” He asked his wife.

10. “Have you ever seen a snake in your house?” Tom asked Liz.

KEY

1. She asked me where my brother worked.

2. Tracy asked William if / whether he wanted to watch a DVD.

3. Daum asked Lugano how long Alex had been playing for Fenerbahçe.

4. The manager asked the employee if / whether he could check the prices of the goods.

5. Sharon asked Douglas when he had come back.

6. My father asked me who had left the windows open.

7. My sister asked me if / whether I would give her a hand writing her thesis.

8. The officer asked Sawyer why he wanted to go to Spain.

9. He asked his wife if / whether Jane was still sleeping.

10. Tome asked Liz  if / whether she had ever seen a snake in her house.

EXERCISE 1. Turn the following sentences into Reported Speech

1) “I’ve never been to Turkey” said Carlos.

______________________________________________.

2) “I’m taking my final exams next week” Cenk said.

______________________________________________.

3) “My sister doesn’t speak German” said Carla.

______________________________________________.

4) “I saw a terrible car accident last night” said Jack.

______________________________________________.

5) “My husband doesn’t really like playing golf” said Melis.

______________________________________________.

6) “I won’t be home late” said Mary.

______________________________________________.

7) “We will transfer two new players to the team” said the chairman of Fenerbahçe.

______________________________________________.

8) “I’ve read twenty emails this morning” said Murat.

______________________________________________.

9) ” I met Tina while I was working in İstanbul” said Alex.

_____________________________________________.

10) “My grandfather had three restaurants in İzmir.” said Clare

_____________________________________________.

KEY

1. Carlos said (that) he had never been to Turkey before.

2. Cenk said (that) he would take his final exams the following week.

3. Carla (said) that her sister didn’t speak German.

4. Jack (said) that he had seen a terrible car accident the previous night.

5. Melis (said) that her husband didn’t really like playing golf.

6. Mary (said) that she wouldn’t be late home.

7. The chairman of Fenerbahçe said that they would transfer two new players to the team.

8. Murat (said) that he had read twenty emails that morning.

9. Alex (said) that he had met Tina while he had been working in İstanbul.

10. Clare (said) that her grandfather had had three restaurants in İzmir.

IRREGULAR VERBS

Use of ‘because’ and ‘because of’ : To give a reason

Structure: We use a complete sentence after because.

” They didn’t win the game because they didn’t play well.

BUT,

after because of we use NOUN Phrase or Ving form.

” All the flights were cancelled because of bad weather conditions.”

” I went to bed very early because of working too much.

PRACTICE

Fill in the blanks with “because” or “because of”

1. Please don’t let your children walk alone _______________the walkway is slippery when wet.

2. Alex missed the penalty _______________lack of concentration.

3. _______________ thick fog at the airport, Louis and Tim had to stay in Ankara one more day.

4. Unfortunately she had to give up singing __________________she had a serious throat problem.

5. You are not allowed to enter this secured area ________________ you don’t have an official permit.

6. We decided to buy that house ______________ its low price.

7. _____________the elecrticity was cut off, we went to bed early.

8. We can’t go to school by public transport tomorrow ____________ the srtike.

9. I had to overwork last week _____________my manager wanted me to finish the reports.

10. People always trust him _______________his honesty.

KEY: 1. because  2. because of  3. Because of  4. because 5. because  6. because of  7. Because 8. because of 9. because  10. because of

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BECAUSE OF / BECAUSE

Fill in the blanks with ‘if’ or ‘when’ and put the verbs into the correct tense

1) Alex will write an e-mail to his manager __________ he __________ ( arrive )

2) __________ does the doctor think he _____________( get over ) his injury?

3) __________ there____________( be ) any problems, I will phone you.

4) __________ the interviews __________ ( be ) over, we will announce the results.

5) I wonder ___________ Santos ____________( return ) from his trip to Brazil.

6) ___________ Michael ____________( apply ) for the job, I’m sure he will get it.

7) ___________ they _____________ ( arrive ) late at the airport, they will miss the flight.

8) She will call you ____________ she ____________( finish ) writing the reports.

9) ___________________________( he / give up ) blocking the street?

10) ____________ we __________( have ) nothing else to discuss, we can all leave now.

KEY

1. when / arrives  2. When / will get over  3. If / are  4. When / are  5. if / returns  6. If / applies  7. If / arrive  8. when / finishes  9. When does he give up 10. If / have

1) Alex: I think I _______________(1) ( lose ) my watch. I ________________ (2) (look) for it for nearly an hour, but I can’t find it. And it ____________ (3) (be) very expensive.

Roberto: I_____________(4) (lose) three watches so far and I ____________(5) (learn) my lesson. I only buy cheap watches now… Maybe you ______________(6)  (leave)  it at Tim’s office this morning.

Alex: No, I _____________ (7) (already, ask) him.

2) Sarp: This is the most exciting movie I ___________(8) (ever, watch)

Bora: Where ___________you___________(9) (get) that DVD film? I ___________(10 (try) to find it since last summer.

Sarp: My girlfriend ____________(11) (give) it to me for my birthday. I think she ___________(12) (order) it from shophere.com

3) Anelka: I’m afraid Deivid isn’t here. He _____________(13) (be) in a meeting since 8.30, but he should be here soon.

Selin: He__________(14) (leave) six messages on my voice mail but I’m not at home, so please tell him to call me at my summer house. I ___________(15) (stay) in my summer house for the past three weeks, but I ___________(16) (forget) to tell Deivid when I last __________(17) (see) him.

4) Kemal: Hey, Murat. Can you come here for a moment?

Murat: What’s the matter?

Kemal: Who ______________(18) (play) with Playstation?

Murat: I have no idea. Why?

Kemal: Well, someone ___________(19) (scratch) two of my blue-ray discs. I can’t play any games. Where’s Alex?

Murat: I don’t know. I ____________(20) (not see) him this morning but he’ll be here for lunch. You can ask him then.

KEY: 1. ‘ve lose  2. ‘ve been looking for  3. was  4. ‘ve lost  5. ‘ve learnt  6. left 7. ‘ve already asked  8. ‘ve ever watched  9. did / get 10. ‘ve been trying 11. gave  12. ordered  13. has been 14. has left  15. ‘ve been staying 16. forgot  17. saw  18. has played  19. has scratched 20. haven’t seen

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present-perfect

Choose the best answer.

1. She ________ that he wouldn’t tell anyone.

a) made him promised b) made him promise c) promised to make

2. Does your tooth still hurt? Yes, I have to get a dentist ________ soon.

a) look at it b) to get it looked at c) to look at it

3. I ________ a couple of days ago.

a) had my bike to be fixed b) had my bike fix c) had my bike fixed

4. I will not ________ with this!

a) allow you get away b) let you get away c) to let you get away

5. Don’t ________ these things about you!

a) let him say b) let him to say c) let him said

6. The movie ________ sad.

a) made to feel b) made him feel c) made him to feel

7. I get my ________ from my other address.

a) mail forward b) mail to forward c) mail forwarded

8. Have your assistant ________ these letters immediately!

a) to send b) to be sent c) send

9. He ________ yesterday.

a) had his hair cut b) had his hair to be cut c) had hair to be cut

10. The professor ________ early.

a) to let the students leave b) let the students leave c) let the students to leave

KEY: 1. b  2. c 3. c 4. b 5.a 6.b 7. c 8.c 9. a 10. b<-->

Examples

I have lived in Karşıyaka since 1994.

She has worked for IBM since last October.

We’ve been playing tennis since two’clock.

Alex hasn’t seen his parents since he moved to İzmir.

I haven’t been to England since I finished the university.

We use “FOR” for a period of time.

Examples:

Ozan has been married for two years.

They haven’t been to their summer house for 6 months.

I have been listening to the radio for an hour.

She has been a teacher for 35 years.

1. The coach isn’t _____________ (please) with the results of his team.

2. Although everybody says the film is ___________(bore), I want to see it.

3. They were ___________(amaze) to see so many black clouds in the sky.

4. My father found Prague ___________(fascinate)

5. Roberto Carlos is ___________(concern) about his injury.

6. I have a profitable job but is ____________(exhaust).

7. Fairy tales are __________(enchante). Do you agree?

8. All the fans were __________(surprise) by the success of their team.

9. Getting up early at the weekends is ____________: (annoy ).

10. Robin is ___________(interest) in politics. According to her politics is really __________. (interest)

Key: 1. pleased  2. boring  3. amazed  4. fascinating  5. concerned  6. exhausting  7. enchanting  8. surprised  9. annoying  10. interested / interesting

1. After moving to a country house, she found the real ___________. (HAPPY)

2. Keep this diamond in a safe place because it’s very ___________. (VALUE)

3. Nobody can find the __________to the first math problem. (SOLVE)

4. After a long injury, Alex now works with great ___________. (ENTHUSE)

5. Because of a serious __________Nathalie has been in hospital for a week. (ILL)

6. An __________of the factory building was finished and it was cleared safe. (INSPECT)

7. She is an ambitious woman. She has worked hard all her ____________. (LIVE)

8. The children looked unhappy and _________________. (MISERY)

9. Please send your _____________ to info@trxder.com. (APPLY)

10. The children’s _____________ was obvious at the party. (EXCITE)

KEY: 1. happiness  2. valuable  3. solution  4. enthusiasm 5. illness 6. inspection 7. life  8. miserable  9. application  10. excitement